Translation from Georgian language, translation into Georgian language
Our translation agency accommodates professional translation services translating texts from/into Georgian language in many fields such as: oil & gas (petroleum) industry, food processing industry, measurement technology, software, medicine, business, finance, ecology, advertisement (promotion), law (jurisprudence), management and marketing, sophisticated technical documentation, etc. (translation of common use texts; translation of correspondence; translation of commercial and economic texts; translation of educational texts – scientific articles and publications, reports, reviews, annotations; translation of legal texts – contracts, agreements, minutes, protocols, incorporation documents (articles of incorporation/association), court decisions and papers; translation of technical documentation – user manuals, maintenance manuals, operating manuals for equipment and devices, specifications (technical data); translation of advertisement (promotion/image) texts – advertising leaflets, brochures, web (internet) sites and pages; translation of publicistic and artistic genre).
At our translation agency translations from Georgian and translations into Georgian language are made by experienced and professional Georgian translators, who are specialists in their field of specialization.
We make translations from Georgian and into Georgian language for corporate entities (firms, companies, corporations, etc., including state institutions and bodies), as well as for private clients. Our translation services include all types of written and verbal translation (interpretation) from Georgian language and into Georgian language.
We make written translations of all types of documentation, including technical, legal (law), medical documents from Georgian and into Georgian, as well as translation of software and computer games from/into Georgian language.
Verbal Georgian translation (interpretation) (translation of business meetings, negotiations, phone calls, translation and description of audio-video records) is performed by Ukrainian and Russian translators (interpreters) of Georgian, as well as by Georgian native speakers, depending on requirements of a customer.
Notarized translations from Georgian and into Georgian language. We make notarized translations of all types of commercial and private documents, which are able to be notarized in accordance with current legislation.
Georgian translators of our translation agency are translators with good experience and superior qualification, graduates from the leading Ukrainian and Russian higher educational establishments (including military interpreters), as well as native Georgian speakers, who have shown themselves as reliable partners and experienced specialists.
Besides Russian-Georgian and Georgian-Russian translations, you can also order Ukrainian-Georgian and Georgian-Ukrainian translation, as well as translation from Georgian language into English, German, Spanish, French and other European and Eastern languages including languages of CIS countries and vice versa.
Our translation agency – it’s translation department of the law firm. Therefore we do understand value of all and any information, which was received from a client, and inadmissibility of disclosure of the same to any third parties. That’s why we do our work in the manner, which ensures complete confidentiality and non-disclosure of the information in work.
We continuously make efforts not only to ensure the high quality of translations from Georgian and into Georgian language, but also to offer to our clients not only the standard quality of translation but also good in comparison with other translation bureaus price for translations from Georgian language and into Georgian language. Due to this, working with our translation agency our clients get timely and high-quality translations at price lower then our competitors offer. Price of specified translation depends on its complicity, formatting and urgency.
If you reside in other city of Ukraine or abroad - it’s not a problem for a good cooperation. Texts for translation can be submitted personally, by mail, by a courier service, by fax or via e-mail.
Spoken in: Georgia, Iran, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Russia.
Total speakers: 4.1 million.
Language family: South Caucasian, Georgian.
Writing system: Georgian alphabet.
Official status
Official language in: Georgia.
Georgian (kartuli ena) is the official language of Georgia, a country in the Caucasus.
Georgian is the primary language of about 3.9 million people in Georgia itself (83 percent of the population), and of another 500,000 abroad (chiefly in Turkey, Iran, Russia, USA and Europe). It is the literary language for all ethnographic groups of Georgian people, especially those who speak other South Caucasian languages (or Kartvelian languages): Svans, Mingrelians, and the Laz. Gruzinic, or "Kivruli", sometimes considered a separate Jewish language, is spoken by an additional 20,000 in Georgia and 65,000 elsewhere (primarily 60,000 in Israel).
Georgian History
Georgian is the most pervasive of the South Caucasian languages, a family that also includes Svan and Megrelian (chiefly spoken in Northwest Georgia) and Laz (chiefly spoken along the Black Sea coast of Turkey, from Melyat, Rize to the Georgian frontier).
Georgian Dialects
Dialects of Georgian include Imeretian, Racha-Lechkhumian, Gurian, Adjaran, Imerkhevian (in Turkey), Kartlian, Kakhetian, Ingilo (in Azerbaijan), Tush, Khevsur, Mokhevian, Pshavian, Fereydan dialect in Iran in Fereydunshahr and Fereydan, Mtiuletian, Meskhetian.
History
Georgian is believed to have separated from Megrelian and Laz in the first millennium BC. Based on the degree of change, linguists (e.g. Klimov, T. Gamkrelidze, G. Machavariani) conjecture that the earliest split occurred in the second millennium BC or earlier, separating Svan from the other languages. Megrelian and Laz separated from Georgian roughly a thousand years later.
Georgian has a rich literary tradition. The oldest surviving literary text in Georgian is the "Martyrdom of the Holy Queen Shushanik" (Tsamebay tsmindisa Shushanikisi, dedoplisa) by Iakob Tsurtaveli, from the 5th century AD. The Georgian national epic, "The Knight in the Panther's Skin" (Vepkhistqaosani), by Shota Rustaveli, dates from the 12th century.
Georgian writing system
Georgian has been written in a variety of scripts over its history. Currently one alphabet, mkhedruli ("military") is almost completely dominant; the others are mostly of interest to scholars reading historical documents.
Mkhedruli has 33 letters in common use; a half dozen more are now mostly obsolete. The letters of mkhedruli are in close (but not perfect) correspondence to the sounds of the Georgian language.
According to the traditional accounts written down by Leonti Mroveli in the 11th century, the first Georgian alphabet was created by the first King of Caucasian Iberia (also called Kartli), Pharnavaz in the 3rd century BC. However, the first examples of that alphabet, or its modified version, date from the 4th-5th centuries CE. During the centuries the alphabet was modernized. Nowadays there are three Georgian alphabets which are quite different from each other, so that knowing one of them can't help you to read a text written in the others. These alphabets are called asomtavruli (Capitals), nuskhuri (Small letters) and mkhedruli. The first two are used together as capital and small letters and they form a single alphabet used in Georgian Orthodox Church and is called khutsuri (priests').
In mkhedruli, there are no separate forms for capital letters. Sometimes, however, a capital-like effect is achieved by scaling and positioning the ordinary letters so that their vertical sizes are identical and they rest on the baseline with no descenders. These capital-like letters are often used in page headings, chapter titles, monumental inscriptions, and the like.
Morphology
Georgian is an agglutinative language. There are certain prefixes and suffixes that are joined together in order to build a verb. In some cases, there can be up to 8 different morphemes in one verb at the same time. An example can be ageshenebinat ("you (pl) had built"). The verb can be broken down to parts: a-g-e-shen-eb-in-a-t. Each morpheme here contributes to the meaning of the verb tense or the person who has performed the verb.
Morphophonology
Syncope is a common phenomenon in Georgian. When a suffix (especially the plural suffix -eb-) is attached to a word which has either of the vowels a or e in the last syllable, this vowel is, in most words, lost. For example, megobari means "friend." To say "friends," one says, megobØrebi (megobrebi), with the loss of a in the last syllable of the word root.
Inflection
Georgian has seven noun cases: nominative, ergative, dative, genitive, instrumental, adverbial and vocative. An interesting feature of Georgian is that, while the subject of a sentence is generally in the nominative case, and the object is in the accusative case (or dative), in Georgian, one can find this reversed in many situations (this depends mainly on the character of the verb). This is called the dative construction. In the past tense of the transitive verbs, and in the present tense of the verb "to know", the subject is in the ergative case.
Syntax
Georgian is a post-positional language, meaning that adpositions are placed after (rather than before) the nouns they modify, either as suffixes or as separate words. Many Georgian postpositions correspond to the meanings of prepositions in English. Each postposition requires the modified noun to be in a specific case. (This is similar to prepositions governing specific cases in many Indo-European languages such as German, Latin, Russian, and so on.)
Georgian has a subject-verb-object primary sentence structure, but the word order is not as strict as in some Germanic languages such as English. Not all word orders are acceptable, but it is also possible to encounter the structure of subject-object-verb. Georgian has no grammatical gender; even pronouns are gender-neutral. The language also has no articles. Therefore, for example, "guest", "a guest" and "the guest" are said in the same way. In relative clauses, however, it is possible to establish the meaning of the definite article through use of some particles.
Vocabulary
Georgian has a rich word-derivation system. By using a root, and adding some definite prefixes and suffixes, one can derive many nouns and adjectives from the root. For example, from the root -Kart-, the following words can be derived: Kartveli (a Georgian person), Kartuli (the Georgian language) and Sakartvelo (Georgia).
Most Georgian surnames end in -dze ("son") (Western Georgia), -shvili ("child") (Eastern Georgia), -ia (Western Georgia, Samegrelo), -ani (Western Georgia, Svaneti), -uri (Eastern Georgia), etc.
Georgian has a vigesimal number system, based on the counting system of 20, like Basque or Old French. In order to express a number greater than 20 and less than 100, first the number of 20's in the number is stated and the remaining number is added.
Word formations
Georgian has a word derivation system, which allows the derivation of nouns from verb roots both with prefixes and suffixes. For example:
- From the root -ts'er- ("write"), the words ts'erili ("letter") and mts'erali ("writer") are derived.
- From the root -tsa- ("give"), the word gadatsema ("broadcast") is derived.
- From the root -tsda- ("try"), the word gamotsda ("exam") is derived.
- From the root -gav- ("resemble"), the words msgavsi ("similar") and msgavseba ("similarity") are derived.
- From the root -šen- ("build"), the word šenoba ("building") is derived.
- From the root -tskh- ("bake"), the word namtskhvari ("cake") is derived.
- From the root -tsiv- ("cold"), the word matsivari ("refrigerator") is derived.
- From the root -pr- ("fly"), the words tvitmprinavi ("plane") and aprena ("take-off") are derived.
It is also possible to derive verbs from nouns:
- From the noun -omi- ("war"), the verb omob ("wage war") is derived.
- From the noun -sadili- ("lunch"), the verb sadilob ("eat lunch") is derived.
- From the noun -sauzme ("breakfast"), the verb ts'asauzmeba ("eat a little breakfast") is derived (The preverb ts'a- in Georgian could add the meaning "VERBing a little."
- From the noun -sakhli- ("home"), the verb gadasakhleba (the infinite form of the verb "to relocate, to move") is derived.
Likewise, verbs can be derived from adjectives:
- From the adjective -ts'iteli- ("red"), the verb gats'itleba (the infinite form of both "to blush" and "to make one blush") is derived. This kind of derivation can be done with many adjectives in Georgian. Other examples can be:
- From the adjective -brma ("blind"), the verbs dabrmaveba (the infinite form of both "to become blind" and "to blind someone") are derived.
- From the adjective -lamazi- ("beautiful"), the verb galamazeba (the infinite form of the verb "to become beautiful") is derived.
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